| Abstract |
Qing Dynasty was a critical juncture in the education history of southwest. After the administrative reform of carrying out Gai-tu-gui-liu(改土歸流) and develop Miao(苗) border in the southwest, the Qing government proactively set up schools and popularize Confucianism's education. Under the policy of turning the border into the hinterland, the popularization of charitable schools can be regarded as an important indicator. Some charitable schools of the southwest were set up in order to mend the deficiencies of Confucianism in the local Fu(府), state, county, etc., other charitable schools were already combined with the imperial examinations and also brought up a lot of ethnic minority talents. In the remote minority area, thanks to the strong supports from government or local officers who offered financial resources, charitable schools could be more steadily developed. Although a lot of charitable schools were set up with government approvals, their establishers were government officials from such places as the Fu, state, county, etc.; the charitable schools were managed by education officials, which examined the detailed lists that the school teachers reported on a yearly basis; funds were allocated from official side also, salaries of school teachers were paid by local finance, although this way, charitable schools were still not listed in the regular education system yet, didn’t belong to the official study and were only ' state-run ' at the most. They were operated by government, joint efforts of government along with civilians and individual donations, whose fund sources were also different to some extent. With the development of charitable schools, nature and condition of running schools were changed in a way, some officers and local gentries actively promoted the set-ups of charitable schools, whose developments were accelerated, more and more charitable schools belonged to joint efforts of government along with civilians or individual donations, the fund sources also tended to be pluralistic. Moreover, during the timeframe of Gai-tu-gui-liu, Xianfeng（咸豐） and Tongzhi（同治）, properties confiscated from some suppressed rebels characterized the fund sources of southwest charitable schools. Some charitable schools even stipulated in detail such provisions as the targets and amounts the administrators of schools properties could manipulate along with other relevant regulations, which became the ways in which charitable schools continuously operated. |
