| Abstract |
Since Middle Ages the European societies were full with the negative images about the Jews, because of their non-Christianity religion, which also made them as scapegoat for social and economic misfortune. At that time the Jewish physical characteristic stereotype were also emerged. In nineteenth century the modern scientists in Europe – especially the anthropologists, who analyzed all human being as different ‘races’, which created a new biological and physical world views, and also influenced the traditional Jewish images. The Jews became the ‘Jewish race’, which was even became an important anthropological theme. The anthropologists transferd the Jews－a religion and cultur group－into the ‘Jewish race’－a biological heredity group. From then on the ‘race’ studies in anthropology, the racial ideology and the anti-Semitism interacted intensely especially in Germany. Some German scientists even explained that the ‘German race’ were a ‘superior race’, the ‘Jewish race’ on the contrarily were proved to be a biological ‘inferior race’, a ‘degenerated race’ and harmful to Germany and the Western civilizations. The aim of this research is to analyze the different arguments of the Jewish anthropologists to the ‘Jewish race’. What were their opinions to the popular terms－the ‘Jewish race’? Did they have any new interpretations or differnet explanation? Did their opinions deeply and efficiently change the thinking of the racism and the Anti-semitism? |
