Journal paper

Issue No.	No. 46
Title	Manchu Military Families and Politics in the Early Period of Ch’ing Dynasty: Research on the Case of the Changbai Mountain Niohuru Family
Author	Yeh Kao-shu
Page	169-230
Abstract	The political power during the early Ch’ing consisted of the royal families, important colleagues with different clans, remaining the characteristic of clan politics based on kinsmanship; on the other hand, with the centralization of the Han’s power as well as the development of the tyrannic imperior, the rulers’s attempt to expand their power would undermine the original political tradition in other words, the interaction between and rises and falls of the royal and clan politics had an impact on the stability of the political conditions, and also, a crucial point to help observe the political changes during the early Ch’ing Dynasty. The important colleagues with different clans all started from the army medals，they participated the battles，also got kinship with Aisin Gioro family through political marriage by the manipulation of Nurgaci. Among these, the Changbai Mountain Niohuru Family was the most who involved battles, and often intermarry with Aisin Gioro. They had enormous records during the battles, experienced the changes about political system included the formation of royal power, royal families’ regent, assisted by different clans, then they took a place on the politics, especially Eidu was one of the most important Five Ministers during the regime of Nurgaci, his son Cergei, Turgei, Ilden were members of the Eight Ministers or the Sixteen Ministers during the age of Hong Taiji, Ebilun was assigned to be one of the Four Assistant Ministers for Emperor K’ang-hsi, many of the members of family get into the police decision group or became confidants of Han （emperor）, the attitude toward the power of Han （the imperial power）, was related the future of family political enterprise, and connected the development of political situation. Thence, this paper will focus on Eidu and his sons the two generations of Niohuru Family, with their activities about military and political to analyze the transformation of the struggle of politics in early Ch’ing, the ups and downs of military families, and the interaction with imperial power.
Keyword	Niohuru, Eidu, Cergei, Turgei, Ilden, Ebilun
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