Journal paper

Issue No.	No. 46
Title	Facial Marks of Hu People of the Han Dynasty and their Inner Eurasia Affinities
Author	Chen Chien-wen
Page	35-76
Abstract	In research on the history of the Xiong-nu, the relationship between the Xiong-nu and Iranian Nomads of Inner Eurasia is an aspect the Chinese historians tend to overlook. This research discusses the relationship of the circle shaped facial marks on the Hu people of the Han Dynasty or from Inner Eurasia Nomads. We discovered that the marks on their faces are identical to the facial marks of Parthian nobles. This type of facial marks has a long history in Central Asia and was probably an important tradition among Iranian Nomads in this early period. The Xiong-nu from the Han Dynasty era and the Parthians had the same facial marks customs; the culture of Xiong-nu bears a striking resemblance to that of the Iranian Nomads. The Saka (Early Iranian Nomads) probably once played an important role in Xiong-nu tribal society. The Xiong-nu race and culture may have been significantly influenced by Iranian Nomads.
Keyword	Hu People, Xiong-nu, Facial Marks, Inner Eurasian, Parthians, Iranian Nomads, Saka
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