{"id":30090,"date":"2026-10-27T16:05:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T08:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=30090"},"modified":"2026-10-28T14:00:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T06:00:42","slug":"20261001-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/20261001-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5b78\u8853\u6d3b\u52d5\u5831\u5c0e\u3011\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\uff1f\u5f9e\u5b78\u79d1\u6027\u8cea\u5230\u5b78\u7fd2\u5be6\u8e10"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30090\" class=\"elementor elementor-30090\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cafe3fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cafe3fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a7a6640\" data-id=\"5a7a6640\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d755ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18d755ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\uff1f\u5f9e\u5b78\u79d1\u6027\u8cea\u5230\u5b78\u7fd2\u5be6\u8e10<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1861ba92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1861ba92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8b1b\u984c\uff1a\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\uff1f\u5f9e\u5b78\u79d1\u6027\u8cea\u5230\u5b78\u7fd2\u5be6\u8e10\uff08What is Historical Thinking? From Disciplinarity to Practice\uff09<br \/>\u8b1b\u8005\uff1a\u5b8b\u5bb6\u5fa9\u6559\u6388\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09<br \/>\u6642\u9593\uff1a2026\u5e7410\u670801\u65e5\uff08\u56db\uff0915:00-17:00<br \/>\u5730\u9ede\uff1a\u5716\u66f8\u9928B1\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u5ef3<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-312b8008 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"312b8008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb56f97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb56f97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff1a\u672c\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u9ec3\u4ee5\u6492<\/p><p>\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e3b\u8ef8\u5927\u7565\u5206\u70ba\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u2500\u2500\u554f\u984c\u8207\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\u2500\u2500\u50cf\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u95b1\u8b80\u4e09\u9ede\u8981\u7d20\u2500\u2500\u5ef6\u4f38\u516d\u9ede\u3001\u516d\u5927\u89c0\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u6700\u5f8c\u81ea\u6211\u6aa2\u8996\u3002<\/p><p>\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u4ee5\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u5b78\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7834\u984c\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u516d\u9ede\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uff1a\u5b78\u8490\u96c6\u53f2\u6599\uff1f\u5b78\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1f\u5b78\u8b1b\u6545\u4e8b\uff1f\u5b78\u7576\u6b77\u53f2\u8001\u5e2b\uff1f\u5b78\u6d89\u8db3\u4ed6\u8005\u9818\u57df\uff1f\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516d\u4ef6\u4e8b\u9805\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u5c08\u9580\u7368\u6709\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u8490\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u4eca\u591a\u6578\u9818\u57df\u4e5f\u591a\u91cd\u8996\u8aaa\u51fa\u597d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u8a34\u8aaa\u6210\u9577\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u5c0f\u9910\u5ef3\u7246\u4e0a\u5beb\u51fa\u8001\u95c6\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5e97\u8216\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8ad6\u8b49\u8207\u5efa\u7acb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8ac7\u53ca\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u8001\u5e2b\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u601d\u8003\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u7576\u8001\u5e2b\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u5728\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\u6216\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\uff1f\u8ac7\u53ca\u5beb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5176\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u4eca\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7a84\u5316\u70ba\u53ea\u5b78\u7fd2\u5beb\u8ad6\u6587\u6216\u671f\u672b\u5831\u544a\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u8a00\u53ca\u5b78\u8005\u4ee5\u8ad6\u6587\u8aaa\u8a71\u4ee5\u53ca\u5347\u8077\u90fd\u662f1993\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u624d\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5168\u9762\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\u4e26\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8b00\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8ad6\u5230\u5b78\u7fd2\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5247\u8aaa\u5230\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u8fd1\u5e74\u5c0d\u65bc\u7ffb\u8b6f\u66f8\u7c4d\u6709\u6240\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u66f8\u5e97\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7ffb\u8b6f\u975e\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7b49\u8f03\u70ba\u5c11\u898b\u7684\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u5730\u5340\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u6709\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u8acb\u5b78\u8005\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u8b80\u8005\u9078\u64c7\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u5206\u5225\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516d\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u516d\u9805\u90fd\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u6240\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p><p>\u3000\u3000\u627f\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7834\u984c\uff0c\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u4fbf\u5e36\u51fa\u4e86\u6f14\u8b1b\u6838\u5fc3\u2500\u2500\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uff1a\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\uff09\u3001\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u79d1\u77e5\u8b58\uff09\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u6388\u6b77\u53f2\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u80b2\u6b21\u5b78\u79d1\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\u4e09\u8005\u81ea\u7acb\u8207\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u73fe\u5be6\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002\u8ad6\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f15\u7528Sam Wineburg \u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u50cf\u500b\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u601d\u8003\u300b\u6642\uff0c\u8acb\u5c0d\u65b9\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5beb\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5e8f\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><blockquote><p>\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u5c0e\u4e4b\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u7cbe\u901a\u4e00\u5957\u4e8b\u5148\u88fd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u95dc\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6558\u4e8b (a prefabricated narrative about the past\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\u6703\u5275\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6027\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u6558\u4e8b\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6838\u51c6\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u653e\u5230\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8a6e\u91cb\u540c\u6a23\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5927\u5b78\u5c64\u7d1a\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b78\u7ae5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u5f7c\u6b64\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u8207\u4e0d\u5b89\uff1b\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7406\u61c9\u9700\u8981\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e00\u5957\u6c92\u6709\u7591\u554f\u865f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e43\u662f\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote><p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u76f4\u8a00Sam Wineburg\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u9ede\u660e\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u53c8\u5f15Sam Wineburg\u53e6\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\uff1a<\/p><blockquote><p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4f4f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u96e2\u958b\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u667a\u6167\u578b\u624b\u6a5f\u8207\u5e73\u677f\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u8fce\u9762\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u773e\u591a\u5f7c\u6b64\u7af6\u722d\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u4ee4\u4eba\u982d\u660f\u76ee\u7729\u7684\u96dc\u97f3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5145\u65a5\u65bc\u5b78\u751f\u81c9\u66f8\u548c\u63a8\u7279\u5373\u6642\u8a0a\u606f\u6d41\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u52d5\u614b\u300d\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u8457\u534a\u771f\u534a\u5047\u8207\u64fa\u660e\u7684\u634f\u9020\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1\u6216\u5b78\u79d1\u5c08\u5bb6\u5750\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u751f\u65c1\u908a\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u985e\u8655\u7f6e\u9019\u500b\u96dc\u4e82\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u8981\u7531\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u5728\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ec0\u9ebc\u548c\u62d2\u7d55\u4ec0\u9ebd\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u6289\u64c7\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote><p>\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e0a\u8aaa\u660e\u7576\u4eca\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u5b78\u9762\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u6642\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u7d20\u990a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u518d\u6b21\u8209\u51faSam Wineburg\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/p><ul><li>First, we must stop lying &#8211; lying to ourselves, lying to future teachers, and lying to the high school students in our classes.<\/li><li>To think of ourselves, first and foremost, as reading teachers, no matter what area of the social studies we teach.<\/li><li>Let us admit, once and for all, that no group of beginning teachers (or experienced teachers for that matter) can be deeply educated in everything. (pp.664-65)<\/li><\/ul><p>\u3000\u3000\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e09\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u6574\u7406\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u95b1\u8b80\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u5b78\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u56de\u61c9\u8001\u5e2b\u53e6\u5916\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u554f\u984c\u2500\u2500\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\uff1f\u600e\u9ebc\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\uff1f\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\uff1f\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u611b\u570b\u5efa\u570b\u3001\u6297\u8ab0\u4fdd\u8ab0\uff1b\u4e0d\u662f\u80cc\u8aa6\u8a18\u5f97\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6771\u897f\uff1b\u4e0d\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u53f2\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u2500\u2500\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u95b1\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p><p>\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u8457\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u95b1\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u50cf\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u95b1\u8b80\uff08Reading like A Historian\uff09\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u5927\u89c0\u9ede\u9644\u52a0\u4e00\u5c0f\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e2d\u6587\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002<\/p><ol><li>\u63a2\u7a76\u53f2\u6e90\uff08sourcing\uff09\uff1a\u6307\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u601d\u8003\u5176\u8aaa\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\uff1f\u8ab0\u8aaa\uff1f\u51fa\u8655\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u60c5\u5f62\u7b49\u3002<\/li><li>\u8108\u7d61\u5316\uff08contextualization\uff09\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u4f86\u6e90\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u8108\u7d61\u5316<\/li><li>\u4f50\u8b49\uff08corrobaration\uff09<\/li><li>evidence-based writing\uff1a\u5f9e\u5beb\u5b78\u7fd2\u55ae\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/li><\/ol><p>\u3000\u3000\u5f9e\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u6388\u8ab2\u6642\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u994b\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u7528\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\u6559\u5c0e\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u4e09\u539f\u5247\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u7576\u5b78\u751f\u88ab\u554f\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u5230\u5e95\u5b78\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u554f\u60f3\u6210\u70ba\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u6559\u751a\u9ebc\u3002<\/p><p>\u3000\u3000\u5728Sam Wineburg\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5927\u9ede\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u4f01\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982Peter Seixas\u7684\u516d\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6982\u5ff5\uff08Six Historical Thinking Concepts\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u5c07\u4e4b\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e0a\u516d\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\uff1a<\/p><ul><li>Historical Significance\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff09\uff1d\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u6b77\u53f2\u503c\u5f97\u5b78<\/li><li>Continuity &amp; Change\uff08\u5ef6\u7e8c\u8207\u8b8a\u9077\uff09\uff1d\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u7684<\/li><li>Historical Perspective\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u8996\u89d2\uff09\uff1d\u8b8a\u8207\u4e0d\u8b8a<\/li><li>The Ethical Dimension\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u9762\u5411\uff09\uff1d\u600e\u9ebc\u9020\u6210\u7684<\/li><li>Cause &amp; Consequence\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09 \uff1d\u5982\u4f55\u63a1\u7d0d\u904e\u53bb<\/li><li>Evidence\uff08\u8b49\u64da \/ \u53f2\u6599\uff09\uff1d\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u662f\u975e<\/li><\/ul><p>\u3000\u3000\u77e5\u66c9\u4e86\u601d\u7dad\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u9ede\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u6216\u5169\u53e5\u8a71\u7c21\u77ed\u5730\u5b9a\u7fa9\u516d\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u904b\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u5230\u81fa\u7063\u53f2\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u3001\u6216\u65e5\u5e38\u906d\u9047\u5404\u7a2e\u6b77\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u53cd\u601d\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u516d\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1f\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u5316\u5c6c\u6027\uff1f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e2d\u570b\u5462\uff1f\u975e\u6d32\u5462\uff1f\uff09\u7531\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u6ef2\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u6216\u5ef6\u4f38\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8b\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede\u5df2\u7136\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u523a\u6fc0\u5b78\u751f\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53f3317b\" data-id=\"53f3317b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-114aad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"114aad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/media\/set\/?vanity=his.ntnu&#038;set=a.1102217375043938\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/1001-\u5b8b\u5bb6\u5fa9\u6559\u6388\u6f14\u8b1b\u6d77\u5831-rtre2ieznlqz7t8q8xnzybfdntely6be0mgelg8sly.jpg\" title=\"1001 \u5b8b\u5bb6\u5fa9\u6559\u6388\u6f14\u8b1b\u6d77\u5831\" alt=\"1001 \u5b8b\u5bb6\u5fa9\u6559\u6388\u6f14\u8b1b\u6d77\u5831\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53182a8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53182a8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54f9d62b\" data-id=\"54f9d62b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d378d1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d378d1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"937\" height=\"703\" src=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367304_0.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30099\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367304_0.jpg 937w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367304_0-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367304_0-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-556234bd\" data-id=\"556234bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fdd084d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2fdd084d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367306_0-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30101\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367306_0-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367306_0-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367306_0-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367306_0.jpg 1040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48efc1b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48efc1b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43915cbd\" data-id=\"43915cbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d09802e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d09802e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367312_0-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30098\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367312_0-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367312_0-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367312_0-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367312_0.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23471583\" data-id=\"23471583\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b846c52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b846c52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367311_0-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-30097\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367311_0-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367311_0-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367311_0-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/S__173367311_0.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3464bff7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3464bff7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd88d04\" data-id=\"cd88d04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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