{"id":23742,"date":"2025-01-03T13:41:17","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T05:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=23742"},"modified":"2025-01-03T13:47:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T05:47:06","slug":"20241205-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/2025\/01\/03\/20241205-2\/","title":{"rendered":"20241205"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"23742\" class=\"elementor elementor-23742\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bacb10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bacb10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8b3d3d\" data-id=\"c8b3d3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab053a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab053a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333300;\">\u856d\u9ad8\u5f65\u9662\u58eb\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7d00\u8981<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be845bb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be845bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;none&#039; stroke=&#039;black&#039; stroke-width=&#039;1&#039; stroke-linecap=&#039;square&#039; stroke-miterlimit=&#039;10&#039;%3E%3Cpath d=&#039;M0,21c3.3,0,8.3-0.9,15.7-7.1c6.6-5.4,4.4-9.3,2.4-10.3c-3.4-1.8-7.7,1.3-7.3,8.8C11.2,20,17.1,21,24,21&#039;\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddba3b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ddba3b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb4c253\" data-id=\"fb4c253\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6cd47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1c6cd47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#01\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u7d00\u8981<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-093701d\" data-id=\"093701d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b0a40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"13b0a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#02\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Summary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbed61a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbed61a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-61c71b7\" data-id=\"61c71b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9987006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9987006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"01\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p>\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff1a\u672c\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u90ed\u6600\u73c8<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u6587\u5316\u9662\u58eb\u7cfb\u5217\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e3b\u984c\u70ba\u300c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\u3001\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u8207\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4eba\u70ba\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u856d\u9ad8\u5f65\u5148\u751f\u3002<\/p><p>\u856d\u6559\u6388\u5f9e\u5927\u5b78\u5230\u78a9\u58eb\uff0c\u7686\u5c31\u8b80\u65bc\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u7cfb\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728 \u7f8e\u570b\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u8058\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u856d\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u9577\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3001\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6838\u5fc3\u8b70\u984c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u856d\u6559\u6388\u8457\u6709\u7684\u5c08\u8457\u6709\u300a\u63a2\u7d22\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\uff1a\u5f9e\u99ac\u57fa\u7dad\u5229\u5230\u56b4\u5fa9\u300b\u3001\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u8ad6\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u767c\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p><p>\u6f14\u8b1b\u958b\u59cb\u6642\uff0c\u856d\u6559\u6388\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\uff0e\u67cf\u6797\uff08Isaiah Berlin\uff09\u7684\u300c\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u6d88\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7a4d\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u856d\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u9192\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u5ff5\u6f14\u8b8a\u6642\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8003\u616e\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u9810\u671f\u6558\u4e8b\u8207\u6642\u4ee3\u932f\u7f6e\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p><p>\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u856d\u6559\u6388\u95e1\u8ff0\u96a8\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8f49\u9077\u4f86\u81fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4ee5\u80e1\u9069\u70ba\u9996\uff0c\u57281949\u5e74\u9593\u5148\u5f8c\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u80e1\u9069\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u570b\u969b\u5c40\u52e2\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6bb7\u6d77\u5149\u53d7\u80e1\u9069\u548c\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\uff0e\u6d77\u8036\u514b\uff08Friedrich August von Hayek\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u62b5\u5236\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u6bb7\u6d77\u5149\u5f8c\u4f86\u5931\u53bb\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u5411\u5c0d\u7a4d\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8f49\u5411\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u80cc\u96e2\u65e9\u671f\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u8655\u5883\u4e0b\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u9ad4\u609f\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>\u856d\u6559\u6388\u96a8\u5f8c\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f35\u4f5b\u6cc9\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\u3002\u5f35\u4f5b\u6cc9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f9e\u91cd\u65bc\u6d88\u6975\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u878d\u5165\u7a4d\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u856d\u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f35\u4f5b\u6cc9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8f49\u8b8a\u5fc5\u9808\u7f6e\u65bc\u51b7\u6230\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f35\u4f5b\u6cc9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5c0d\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f90\u5fa9\u89c0\u3001\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7b49\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u4e00\u65b9\u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u7531\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u61c9\u6db5\u84cb\u9053\u5fb7\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u856d\u6559\u6388\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f35\u4f5b\u6cc9\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u672a\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u96d9\u65b9\u672a\u80fd\u5c55\u958b\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u5834\u722d\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u672a\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u856d\u6559\u6388\u5f37\u8abf\u601d\u60f3\u6f14\u8b8a\u5f80\u5f80\u53d7\u5230\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89e3\u91cb\u6642\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u904b\u7528\u8108\u7d61\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5448\u73fe\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u81fa\u7063\u81ea\u7531\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u904e\u5f80\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u6d88\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f35\u7a4d\u6975\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aada38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aada38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"02\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p>Writer\uff1aJerry Wang<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h1>Free China Journal: New Confucianism and Two Concepts of Liberty<\/h1><p>In the modern world, liberty forms the cornerstone of human rights and remains a central theme in contemporary philosophy. The evolution of the concept of liberty continues to fascinate philosophers and scholars. Professor Carl Shaw, a distinguished academician from Academia Sinica, has shared his insights on liberty and its conceptual development. He argues that the understanding of liberty in Taiwan presents diverse characteristics that cannot be fully captured by the traditional dichotomy of liberty into two distinct concepts.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: arial, 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">Professor Shaw holds both a bachelor&#8217;s and a master&#8217;s degree in political science from National Chengchi University, and he earned his doctoral degree in political science from Yale University. His expertise lies in the history of political thought and political philosophy, and he has published numerous influential books that have contributed significantly to the field. Liberty has been one of his early research interests, and he emphasizes that his methodological approach holds value for various historical inquiries.<\/span><\/p><p>At the outset of his presentation, Professor Shaw discussed Isaiah Berlin\u2019s two concepts of liberty: positive and negative liberty. He noted that the definition of these concepts has evolved over time, with each historical period shaping their meaning. Therefore, he stressed the importance of contextualizing these ideas within their respective eras to ensure accurate analyses. Just as with other historical research, scholars must consider the unpredictable nature of history to avoid misinterpretations and anachronisms.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: arial, 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">Building on these definitions of liberty, Professor Shaw examined the development of liberalism in Taiwan after 1949. Hu Shi introduced a series of ideas and writings on liberalism, marking its symbolic inception in Taiwan. However, these ideas were primarily political in nature, rather than serving as comprehensive theoretical frameworks.<\/span><\/p><p>Two other scholars who significantly influenced the development of liberalism in Taiwan were Yin Hai-kuang and Chang Fo-Chuan. Yin Hai-kuang, influenced by Hu Shi and British economist Friedrich Hayek, emphasized the protection of individual rights as central to liberalism. However, after experiencing job loss and restrictions on his freedom to publish, his views evolved toward a focus on positive liberty. Professor Shaw suggested that these shifts reflect the evolving nature of individual understanding, often shaped by the contingencies of history.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: arial, 'Microsoft JhengHei', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">In contrast, Chang Fo-Chuan leaned toward a preference for negative liberty, while integrating elements of positive liberty. His perspective sometimes conflicted with New Confucianism. For instance, New Confucian scholars like Mou Tsung-san emphasized moral freedom over political liberty, arguing that liberty must encompass moral dimensions. Professor Shaw noted that while Chang&#8217;s viewpoint inherently included moral considerations, New Confucian scholars failed to recognize this, leading to what he termed a \u201cconversation without a beginning.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p>In conclusion, Professor Shaw underscored the dynamic nature of ideological change. Personal beliefs are often shaped by social environments and individual experiences. He urged researchers to observe carefully the trends in historical development. 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