{"id":16438,"date":"2023-04-10T16:14:50","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T08:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=16438"},"modified":"2023-04-10T16:15:04","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T08:15:04","slug":"20141030-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/2023\/04\/10\/20141030-2\/","title":{"rendered":"20141030"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16438\" class=\"elementor elementor-16438\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-270064b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"270064b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86abb20\" 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in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries\uff09\u7684\u539f\u6587\u66f8\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u597d\u61c2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u5f88\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u67e5\u5b8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9801\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9801\u6240\u6709\u7684\u55ae\u5b57\uff0c\u719f\u8b80\u5168\u66f8\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u9ece\u6771\u65b9\u6559\u6388\uff081907-1998\uff09\u7ffb\u95b1\u904e\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4ee5\u4f60\u70ba\u50b2\u300d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\u738b\u5fb7\u662d\u6559\u6388\uff081914-1982\uff09\u300a\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u53f2\u300b\u6240\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0d\u7167\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u52e4\u596e\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u9078\u4fee\u66fe\u7965\u548c\u6559\u6388\uff081920-2013\uff09\u300c\u897f\u6d0b\u53f2\u540d\u8457\u9078\u8b80\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u82f1\u6587\u95b1\u8b80\u6750\u6599\u7ffb\u8b6f\u90fd\u80fd\u517c\u9867\u4fe1\u3001\u96c5\u3001\u9054\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u66fe\u6559\u6388\u8b9a\u8b7d\uff0c\u65e5\u3001\u591c\u9593\u90e8\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u90fd\u4f86\u501f\u7b46\u8a18\u53c3\u8003\u3002<\/p><p>\u5e2b\u5927\u53f2\u5730\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6709\u589e\u7121\u6e1b\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8003\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u300c\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u505a\u5b78\u554f\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u8003\u53d6\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u5411\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6240\u9577\u8a31\u502c\u96f2\u6559\u6388\u8acb\u6559\u8b80\u66f8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a31\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u300c\u5e2b\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5f88\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u7f3a\u8ab2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u8b80\u65b7\u4ee3\u53f2\u3001\u80cc\u7b46\u8a18\u548c\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7b49\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u504f\u5ee2\u300d\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u9664\u4e86\u9078\u4fee\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5230\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u9078\u8ab2\uff0c\u5f9e\u81fa\u5927\u8207\u5e2b\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u98a8\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u517c\u53d6\u5176\u9577\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p><p>\u5c31\u8b80\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u66fe\u7d93\u5230\u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662\u53c3\u89c0\u300c\u96cd\u6b63\u7687\u5e1d\u7843\u6279\u8aed\u65e8\u7279\u5c55\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e2d\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u96cd\u6b63\u7687\u5e1d\uff081678-1735\uff0c1723-1735\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c16\u9178\u523b\u8584\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u7843\u6279\u8aed\u65e8\u5167\u5bb9\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5b57\u8de1\u79c0\u9e97\uff0c\u65bc\u653f\u4e8b\u6307\u6388\u65b9\u7565\u9817\u70ba\u8a73\u76e1\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b98\u54e1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u96d6\u7136\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u8db3\u898b\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u672a\u4f86\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be7\u53ef\u4e0d\u5230\u5927\u5b78\u53bb\u6559\u66f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5230\u6545\u5bae\u7576\u5b78\u5f92\uff0c\u5e6b\u5fd9\u6574\u7406\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u300c\u5f9e\u505a\u4e2d\u5b78\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u53f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9818\u57df\u300d\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7531\u57fa\u790e\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u70ba\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6839\u64da\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\u6240\u5b78\u904e\u7684\u6e05\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p><h2>\u82e6\u5b78\u6eff\u6587\u6709\u6210\u8207\u5ee3\u797f\u5922\u4e2d\u6388\u7b46<\/h2><p>\u53d6\u5f97\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u5982\u9858\u9032\u5165\u6545\u5bae\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u6e05\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\u6a94\u6848\u6574\u7406\u8207\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6642\u503c\u6545\u5bae\u70ba\u4e86\u5f4c\u88dc\u300a\u820a\u6eff\u6d32\u6a94\u300b\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5931\u771f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u984c\u70ba\u300a\u6eff\u6587\u539f\u6a94\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u838a\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u6574\u7406\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u6eff\u6587\u7522\u751f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u9678\u7e8c\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u6eff\u6587\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5178\u7c4d\uff0c\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u300c\u8981\u8b80\u61c2\u6a94\u6848\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u53f2\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u61c2\u6eff\u6587\u300d\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u6eff\u6587\u6559\u5b78\u59cb\u65bc\u4e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