{"id":13313,"date":"2022-04-14T14:15:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-14T06:15:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=13313"},"modified":"2022-04-19T09:48:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T01:48:45","slug":"chchen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/2022\/04\/14\/chchen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9673\u81f4\u5b8f\u6559\u6388\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7d00\u8981"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13313\" class=\"elementor elementor-13313\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6dfc7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6dfc7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b798a9f\" data-id=\"b798a9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aaa563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aaa563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff1a\u5433\u6021\u8431\uff08\u672c\u7cfb\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\uff09<\/li><\/ul><h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u95dc\u65bc\u8b1b\u8005\uff1a<\/h4><p>\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u81f4\u5b8f\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4fee\u696d\u6642\u5e2b\u627f\u5468\u6a11\u6977\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5bb6\u6735\u4f0a\u68ee \uff08Johann G. Droysen, 1808-1884\uff09\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u5316\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u66f4\u7372\u9078\u70ba\u81fa\u5927\u6587\u53f2\u53e2\u520a\u3002\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u570b\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u5e2b\u5f9e\u4f59\u741b\u6559\u6388\uff08J\u00f6rn R\u00fcsen, 1938-\uff09\uff0c\u70ba\u7dad\u85e4\u8d6b\u5fb7\u514b\u5927\u5b78\uff08Universit\u00e4t Witten\/Herdecke\uff09\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u601d\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5c08\u653b\u9818\u57df\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><p>\u7d04\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8f49\u70ba\u5fb7\u8a9e\u5340\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u53f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u5982Droysen\u8207Jacob C. Burckhardt\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u8fd1\u5e74\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d\u5f62\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u69ae\u7372\u7b2c29\u5377\u300a\u65b0\u53f2\u5b78\u300b\u8ad6\u6587\u734e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9032\u5165\u8de8\u57df\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u8b1b\u984c\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u2500\u2500\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5bb6\u91cc\u65af\uff08Ludwig Riess\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p><p>\u904e\u53bb\u81fa\u7063\u5c0d\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6703\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u64b0\u5beb\u300a\u81fa\u7063\u5cf6\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u9694\u95a1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u53ca\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u57f9\u990a\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u9673\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u6709\u7acb\u9ad4\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u91cc\u65af\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p><h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5167\u5bb9\u5206\u4eab\uff1a<\/h4><p>\u9673\u81f4\u5b8f\u8001\u5e2b\u5148\u7c21\u4ecb\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u6642\u5f9e\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u5230\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6982\u6cc1\uff1b\u518d\u9032\u5165\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u4f55\u6df1\u53d7\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\u805a\u7126\u672c\u6b21\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a<strong>\u5f9e\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u6388\u8ab2\u6559\u6750\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u7576\u6642\u5fb7\u570b\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u7b49\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/strong><\/p><p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u91cc\u65af\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u7c21\u53f2<\/p><p>1861\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u91cc\u65af\u51fa\u751f\u81ea\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u738b\u570b\u897f\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u7701\u7684\u7336\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea5\uff08Otto E. L. von Bismarck, 1815-1898\uff09\u7684\u9435\u8840\u624b\u8155\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u7ae5\u5e74\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u738b\u570b\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9032\u5165\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u4fee\u7fd2\u6b77\u53f2\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cc\u65af\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u696d\u65bc\u862d\u514b\uff08Leopold von Ranke, 1795-1866\uff09\u9580\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u64d4\u4efb\u4ed6\u7684\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u4eba\u5be6\u969b\u63a5\u89f8\u4e0d\u6df1\uff0c\u5176\u6cbb\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u537b\u6df1\u53d7\u862d\u514b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5b78\u754c\u751a\u81f3\u5c07\u4ed6\u8996\u70ba\u862d\u514b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u9078\u984c\u4e26\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u2014\u2014\u7576\u6642\u5fb7\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u8b70\u6703\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u53f2\u4e4b\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4eba\u3002<\/p><p>\u91cc\u65af\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u65bc1885\u5e74\u8003\u53d6\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u8cc7\u683c\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u5bc4\u60c5\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u91cd\u8fd4\u82f1\u570b\u5c0b\u627e\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u5f97\u77e5\u4f86\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8058\u4efb\u9080\u8acb\uff0c\u9042\u65bc1887\u5e74\u8d74\u65e5\u6210\u70ba\u6771\u4eac\u5e1d\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6587\u79d1\u53f2\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6388\u8ab2\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5354\u52a9\u7d44\u7e54\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8853\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u8490\u96c6\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6d89\u5916\u95dc\u4fc2\u76f8\u95dc\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u91cc\u65af\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u5973\u5b50\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u80b2\u6709\u56db\u5973\u4e00\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u6b21\u7e8c\u8058\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u537b\u65bc1902\u5e74\u672a\u6536\u5230\u7e8c\u8058\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u96bb\u8eab\u8fd4\u56de\u5fb7\u570b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u91cc\u65af\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u662f\u7de8\u5916\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff08Privatdozent\uff09\uff0c\u81ea1925\u5e74\u5347\u7b49\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ecd\u70ba\u4e0d\u5177\u516c\u8077\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u7de8\u5236\u5916\u6559\u6388\uff08nicht beamteter ausserordentlicher Professor\uff09\u30021928\u5e74\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u5834\u6563\u6b65\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5f15\u767c\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6025\u6027\u904e\u654f\u800c\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p><p>\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u91cc\u65af\u662f\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7121\u805e\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u6216\u6771\u4e9e\u53f2\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u91cc\u65af\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eab\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u95dc\u91cc\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u82f1\u570b\u53f2\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u70ba\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5fa1\u96c7\u5916\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u7e8c\u8058\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7b49\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u5f85\u91d0\u6e05\u3002<\/p><p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09 \u5fb7\u570b\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u767c\u5c55<\/p><p>\u7531\u65bc\u91cc\u65af\u7ae5\u5e74\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u570b\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u7d71\u4e00\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a 1858\u5e74\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9e\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u7d44\u7e54\u6b77\u53f2\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08Historische Kommission\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7de8\u7e82\u3001\u6536\u85cf\u8a31\u591a\u5fb7\u570b\u76f8\u95dc\u53f2\u6599\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8d0a\u52a9\u5927\u578b\u53f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\uff1b\u9694\u5e74\u300a\u53f2\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u300b\uff08Historische Zeitschrift\uff09\u5275\u520a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u671f\u520a\u3002\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u862d\u514b\u53ca\u5176\u5b78\u751fHeinrich von Sybel (1817-1895) \u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u898b\u5f9e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u53f2\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u7684\u660e\u986f\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/p><p>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u51fa\u73fe\u65b0\u6f6e\u6d41\u8207\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u70ba\u300c\u862d\u514b\u5fa9\u8208\u300d\uff08Ranke-Renaissance\uff09\uff1a\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5177\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u8a2d\u71b1\u60c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u5f37\u8abf\u53f2\u6599\u8003\u8b49\uff0c\u5373\u5ba2\u89c0\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\u862d\u514b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u65b0\u8208\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u862d\u666e\u96f7\u5e0c\u7279\uff08Karl Lamprecht, 1856-1915\uff09\u4ee5\u96c6\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u985e\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6cd5\u8207\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u672a\u88ab\u7576\u6642\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff1b\u4e5f\u6709\u4ee5\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p><p>\u5fb7\u570b\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\u5247\u662f\u91cc\u65af\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6b63\u53f2\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u56e0\u6545\u53ea\u7de8\u5beb\u52309\u4e16\u7d00\u70ba\u6b62\uff1b\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4fee\u53f2\u9928\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u5b78\u8005\u672b\u677e\u8b19\u6f84\uff081855-1920\uff09\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u570b\u53d6\u7d93\uff0c\u4ea6\u8acb\u6fa4\u723e\u83f2\uff08George G. 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