{"id":10501,"date":"2021-04-29T09:17:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T01:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=10501"},"modified":"2022-07-19T09:49:50","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T01:49:50","slug":"lkchou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/2021\/04\/29\/lkchou\/","title":{"rendered":"\u600e\u6a23\u95b1\u8b80\u65b0\u6b3e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u5468\u6a11\u6977\u6559\u6388\u70ba\u672c\u7cfb\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5468\u6559\u6388\u5c08\u9577\u53f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5f71\u8996\u53f2\u5b78\u548c\u897f\u6d0b\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u5f15\u4ecb\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b78\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u6f6e\u4e0d\u907a\u9918\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u5468\u6559\u6388\u64b0\u8ff0\u5854\u7c73\uff0e\u5b89\u856f\u91cc\uff08<\/span><\/span>Tamim <\/span>\u00a0Ansary\uff09<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\u6240\u8457\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u4e94\u842c\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u8207\u9023\u7d50\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Invention of Yesterday: A 50,000-Year History of Human Culture, Conflict, and Connection\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u7684\u5c0e\u8b80\uff0c\u7d93\u5fb5\u5f97\u5468\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5ee3\u5834\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7d66\u300c\u5e2b\uff0e\u6642\uff0e\u53f2\uff0e\u4e8b \u300d\u4e4b\u8b80\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/h3>

\u5433\u7fce\u541b 2021. 04. 28<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u9b06\u7d81\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u7684\u5f69\u5e36<\/h2>

\u6253\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u559c\u6b61\u4ee5\u300c\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u300d\u6216\u662f\u300c\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u300d\u7576\u4f5c\u6a19\u984c\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\u3002\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u9023\u4e00\u5411\u9ad8\u8209\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u300d\u5c08\u696d\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u8ddf\u9032\u3002<\/p>

\u9019\u7a2e\u5b78\u98a8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u6216\u300c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\u7b49\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6211\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u6383\u5230\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\uff08The Invention of Yesterday\uff09\u7684\u5c01\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u6392\u65a5\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u806f\u60f3\u3002<\/p>

\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u907f\u958b\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a<\/p>

\u4e00\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u722d\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64fa\u51fa\u4e00\u526f\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u7684\u67b6\u52e2\u3002<\/p>

\u4e8c\u3001\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u7b49\u5b78\u8aaa\u525b\u554f\u4e16\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5404\u6709\u6240\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u81ea\u6210\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8aaa\u8f3e\u8f49\u76f8\u50b3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\uff0c\u65b7\u7ae0\u53d6\u7fa9\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u9023\u7d50\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u96a8\u6ce2\u9010\u6d41\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u96e2\u8b5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u539f\u610f\u3002\u6211\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u7bc7\u5c0e\u8b80\uff0c\u7919\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5354\u52a9\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u4f86\u9f8d\u53bb\u8108\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7d22\u6027\u9b06\u7d81\u9019\u4e9b\u4e94\u984f\u516d\u8272\u3001\u7729\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u7684\u5f69\u5e36\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u6108\u7406\u6108\u4e82\uff0c\u5f92\u589e\u56f0\u64fe\u3002<\/p>

\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\u6709\u500b\u526f\u66f8\u540d\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u4e94\u842c\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u8207\u9023\u7d50\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u9019\u662f\u55ae\u672c\u6210\u518a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u63a8\u9673\u51fa\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u9bae\u5c11\u6210\u5c31\u5927\u683c\u5c40\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5178\u7bc4\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u6b63\u503c\u4e16\u4e8b\u591a\u8b8a\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u64fe\u6518\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u820a\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u65b0\u6b3e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u90fd\u9084\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u548c\u5617\u8a66\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5e74\u982d\u95b1\u8b80\u53f2\u66f8\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4f5c\u8005\u544a\u77e5\u6211\u5011\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u53ca\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u4e0d\u5982\u63db\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u591a\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u4f5c\u8005\u63a1\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53f2\u89c0\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u300d\u9019\u7bc7\u5c0e\u8b80\uff0c\u53ea\u7565\u76e1\u8584\u529b\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5f9e\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u81ea\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u600e\u6a23\u5f71\u97ff\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\uff1f\u300d\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u80fd\u5e6b\u5fd9\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u3002<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

\u5f9e\u300c\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u300d\u5230\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u300d<\/h2>

\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u5011\u5e38\u5f15\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u9081\u9032\u9019\u9580\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u672c\u8457\u7406\u6027\u300c\u5206\u6790\u300d\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u300c\u6b63\u5178\u300d\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u98a8\u6c23\u660e\u986f\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u65e5\u6f38\u540c\u610f\u6b77\u53f2\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53f2\u66f8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5206\u6b67\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u591a\u5143\u7684\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u3002<\/p>

\u6253\u958b\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u5bdf\u89ba\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5230\u982d\u4f86\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u300d\u53c8\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u88e1\uff0c\u7121\u6578\u6558\u4e8b\u7dda\u6703\u7de8\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u547c\u5b83\u70ba\u300e\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300f\uff08master narrative\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u661f\u5ea7\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u300d<\/p>

\u525b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u9020\u8a5e\u65b0\u9bae\u6709\u8da3\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u9023\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u5fa9\u8208\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9032\u6b65\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u610f\u8c61\u7d1b\u4e82\uff0c\u5fc3\u751f\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u66f8\u88e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u6d89\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>

\u4e00\u3001\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5e38\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9593\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u53ca\u60c5\u7bc0\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u5411\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u300d\u5c08\u696d\u53f2\u5b78\u6240\u5fcc\u8af1\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u5df2\u7d93\u8da8\u5411\u300c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u593e\u6558\uff08\u4e8b\uff09\u593e\u8b70\uff08\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u8b80\u4e00\u8b80\u53f2\u666f\u9077\uff08Jonathan Spence, 1936- \uff09\u7684\u53f2\u66f8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76ee\u77ad\u7136\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u6bd4\u53f2\u666f\u9077\u6709\u904e\u4e4b\u800c\u7121\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002<\/p>

\u4e8c\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u4e00\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u6311\u91c1\u6b77\u53f2\u77e5\u8b58\u5c0d\u300c\u771f\u76f8\u300d\u548c\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7528\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53e3\u543b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u69cb\u6545\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u767c\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u300d\u8b80\u8005\u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u70ba\u4e86\u64fa\u812b\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u7b49\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u7cfe\u7e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u6539\u8b80\u70ba\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53c3\u8207\u300d\u6216\u300c\u53cd\u601d\u300d\u3002\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5927\u800c\u5316\u4e4b\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u300c\u89c0\u9ede\u300d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6642\u4ee3\u8da8\u52e2\u5df2\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5bec\u5bb9\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u6b63\u8ca0\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\uff01<\/p>

\u4e09\u3001\u5c31\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u9577\u77ed\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u88e1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6bcf\u500b\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u6703\u51dd\u805a\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\uff08belief system\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u4eba\u5011\u96c6\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u300d\uff08world model\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u5927\u6642\u6bb5\u53ca\u5927\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u66f8\u4e0a\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5fa9\u8208\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9032\u6b65\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ee4\u4eba\u660f\u7729\u3002\u4f46\u8aaa\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6307\u300c\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u2571\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8fd1\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\u3002<\/p>

\u672c\u66f8\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7121\u53ef\u539a\u975e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u674e\u6b50\u5854\uff08Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard, 1924-1998\uff09\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u64bb\u4f10\u300c\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u53c8\u8868\u8ff0\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u5dee\u73fe\u8c61\u4e26\u975e\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u96a8\u541b\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u82b1\u5f0f\u5927\u62fc\u76e4\u300d\u3002<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff1a\u5f9e\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u5230\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d<\/h2>

\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u5275\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8332\uff08Gottfried Leibniz, 1646-1716\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u63f4\u5f15\u300c\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\uff08monad\uff09\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\uff08historical monads\uff09\u4e4b\u8aaa\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u591a\u591a\u9f13\u52f5\u548c\u8b9a\u8cde\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7f8e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u540c\u60c5\u77ad\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u82e6\u5fc3\u3002\u7576\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u898b\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8a5e\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u7cbe\u795e\u70ba\u4e4b\u4e00\u632f\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u8fce\u63a5\u7576\u4eca\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>

\u66f8\u5beb\u6b77\u53f2\u9700\u8981\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u300c\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5f9e\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u8cb7\u7c73\u4ee5\u300c\u6597\u300d\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u8cb7\u5c11\u8a31\u6642\u8aaa\u300c\u534a\u6597\u300d\uff0c\u8cb7\u591a\u9ede\u8aaa\u8981\u300c\u5169\u6597\u300d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6642\u4ee3\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u767d\u7c73\u5206\u888b\u5305\u88dd\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6709\u300c\u4e00\u516c\u65a4\u300d\u3001\u300c\u534a\u516c\u65a4\u300d\u7684\u5206\u5225\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\u5beb\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u300c\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53f2\u89c0\u81ea\u7136\u8fe5\u7570\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd1\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\uff08nation-state\uff09\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u53f2\u5bb6\u6f38\u6f38\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u70ba\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4e4e\u570b\u5225\u53f2\u3001\u570b\u53f2\u9019\u985e\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u61c9\u904b\u800c\u751f\u3002\u53f2\u5bb6\u82e5\u70ba\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u570b\u53f2\u7d30\u5206\u6210\u65b7\u4ee3\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u6216\u5c08\u53f2\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u6771\u4e9e\u53f2\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u53f2\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u6240\u958b\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u90fd\u672c\u8457\u300c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u3002<\/p>

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08nationalism\uff09\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u548c\u6311\u6230\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u812b\u300c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u6642\u4ee3\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u9019\u985e\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u559c\u6b61\u901a\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u3002<\/p>

\u6709\u610f\u6539\u8b8a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u7121\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u600e\u6a23\u843d\u5be6\uff1f\u61c9\u7576\u63a1\u53d6\u54ea\u7a2e\u65b0\u55ae\u4f4d\u5462\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u53f2\u5bb6\u6e6f\u6069\u6bd4\uff08Arnold Toynbee, 1889-1975\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5927\u5beb\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\uff08Civilization\uff09\u6307\u7a31\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u5927\u5beb\u6587\u660e\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u5c0f\u5beb\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\uff08civilization\uff09\uff0c\u7e3d\u5171\u8209\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5c0f\u5beb\u6587\u660e\u300d\u3002\u6e6f\u6069\u6bd4\u7684\u5b8f\u89c0\u9245\u8457\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5f15\u8d77\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5f9e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8a55\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u7684\u78ba\u524a\u8db3\u9069\u5c65\uff0c\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u3002<\/p>

\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\u7e31\u89c0\u53e4\u4eca\u6b77\u53f2\u4e94\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u8996\u91ce\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u6614\u65e5\u6e6f\u6069\u6bd4\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08A Study of History\uff09\u3002\u9019\u672c\u65b0\u6b3e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u9023\u7d50\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u300d\uff08coherent\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u500b\u300c\u5167\u89c0\u7684\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\u300d\uff08inward-looking universe\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u7531\u8af8\u591a\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u516b\u3007\u3007\u5e74\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u897f\u6b50\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u7684\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u6d78\u6f64\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u55ae\u5b50\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5728\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5468\u908a\u5730\u5e36\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u55ae\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6709\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u5c0e\u8b80\u7121\u610f\u8a55\u9ede\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u9ede\u7a7a\u9593\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u6211\u6240\u4ee5\u7a81\u986f\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u8aaa\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u64fa\u812b\u4eba\u5011\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u4eca\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u98a8\u6c23\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u55ae\u4f4d\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u96c6\u601d\u5ee3\u76ca\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u5fc3\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u5f9e\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u5230\u300c\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad<\/h2>

\u5f9e\u524d\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u8b1b\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u7fd2\u6163\u9806\u8457\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u5fc5\u6709\u59cb\u672b\uff0c\u524d\u5f8c\u6709\u56e0\u6709\u679c\uff0c\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u9577\u6cb3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5927\u6c5f\u6771\u53bb\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u6642\u9593\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u505a\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u6216\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u88e1\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u53f2\u5bb6\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\uff08Fernand Braudel, 1902-1985\uff09\u628a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u6642\u9593\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff1a\u6709\u9577\u6ce2\uff08the long waves\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u7a0b\u6642\u6bb5\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff08conjunctures\uff09\u548c\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08the events of history\uff09\u3002<\/p>

\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6578\u4f4d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5404\u7a2e\u4ea4\u6d41\u983b\u7e41\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u9010\u6f38\u611f\u89ba\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u7269\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5448\u73fe\u5171\u6642\u6027\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u9577\u6cb3\u300d\u4e0d\u518d\u5408\u4e4e\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1b\u300c\u55ae\u8ecc\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u99d5\u99ad\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6539\u5f26\u6613\u8f4d\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u6642\u9593\u601d\u7dad\u300d\u8f49\u5411\u300c\u7a7a\u9593\u601d\u7dad\u300d\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u3002<\/p>

\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\u662f\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6558\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u7403\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u6216\u5927\u6216\u5c0f\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u3002\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u672a\u5fc5\u4ea4\u878d\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u50be\u8ecb\u6709\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u5275\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a\u7db2\u5408\uff08bleshing\uff09\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u6d25\u6d25\u6a02\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u758a\u88e1\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u9023\u7d50\u8207\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u300c\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u8207\u300c\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u7576\u4f5c\u7b2c\u4e00\u512a\u5148\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u88e1\u5168\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e74\u8868\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u3002<\/p>

\u6240\u5e78\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u504f\u5411\u6975\u7aef\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u62b9\u6ec5\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u516d\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d30\u5fc3\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u4f9d\u7167\u6642\u6bb5\u5206\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5148\u5f8c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u65c1\uff0c\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u6a19\u8a8c\u5e74\u4ee3\u6642\u9593\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u516d\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5225\u6240\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u6642\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u8d77\u8fc4\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u5200\u5169\u65b7\u3001\u6574\u9f4a\u5283\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4f38\u7e2e\u5f48\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u7dda\u6027\u300d\u6642\u9593\u601d\u7dad\u5df2\u7d93\u8b93\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u8abf\u6574\u70ba\u6b21\u8981\u3002\u8d81\u8457\u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u66f8\u4e4b\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u9806\u624b\u7d9c\u5408\u516d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88e1\u6bcf\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6240\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e00\u5f35\u5e74\u8868\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u5be6\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u300c\u6a6b\u901a\u300d\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5fd8\u300c\u76f4\u901a\u300d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u5efa\u8b70\u8b80\u8005\u4e0d\u59a8\u4e5f\u52d5\u624b\u8a66\u8a66\u770b\uff01<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/h2>

\u672c\u7bc7\u5c0e\u8b80\u9996\u5148\u9b06\u7d81\u300c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u300d\u7b49\u7729\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u7684\u5f69\u5e36\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f9e\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u8aaa\u660e\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002\u300a\u88ab\u767c\u660e\u7684\u6628\u65e5\u300b\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc3\u6709\u621a\u621a\u7109\uff0c\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u8b80\u8005\u8209\u4e00\u53cd\u4e09\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u95b1\u8b80\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6a23\u95b1\u8b80\u65b0\u6b3e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5468\u6a11\u6977\u6559\u6388\u70ba\u672c\u7cfb\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5468\u6559\u6388\u5c08\u9577\u53f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5f71\u8996\u53f2\u5b78\u548c\u897f\u6d0b\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u5f15\u4ecb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-width","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"230","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-activity-report","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10501"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14176,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions\/14176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.his.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}